if one speaks of apes today, one distinguishes between the small apes or gibbons (family Hylobatidae), with who are dealt under an independent keyword, and the big ape, to whom the chimpanzee and the dwarf-chimpanzee or Bonobo, the gorilla and the orangutan belong.
Characteristics The apes include the biggest and heaviest of all primates, who become (adult gorilla) heavy up to 350 kg. they live in the tropical forests and their clearings. its most frequent locomotion-type is the hillside-El-mountaineering, it is Brachiatoren which expresses itself also in the long and powerful arms and shorter, weaker legs. The fingers by means of and feet are usually long, and the shorter thumb can be compared (oppose) very movable with the fingers. This makes a very good overcoming by things possible, being busy with objects and a "comprehending" of fact-connections, what leads over to the mental abilities of the human being.
Also the brain big with reference to the body with a rich Furchungsmuster, with what an ever larger number of brain-nerve-cells accommodated and is held in function, enables to it. With a larger number of nerve switch-elements, however, one can accomplish more complicated and more varied performances, approximately manufacture and use of tools. However similarities exist in the construction of the brain between apes and people above all with the older trunk-brain-parts where the feelings and simpler Sinnesfunktionen are switched. This in the tribal-historical development later arranged, newer brain-parts of the cerebrum are not quite as richly as with the human being differentiated on the other hand with the apes. This involves above all the forehead and temple-area, in which the higher association-performances, creativity and particularly the language-fortune are localized. The brain-volume of the apes reaches one third of the human-brain (approximately 400 cm3 near the Orang, approximately 530 cm3 with the gorilla and approximately 450 cm3 with the chimpanzee opposite approximately 1500 cm3 with the human being) approximately. However, one must consider that the relative brain-volume as well as. -weight (in the relationship to the height) for the chimpanzee biggest is.
The skull shows a quite flat forehead with usually powerful Ãœberaugenwülsten. The nose is usually flat and hardly sticks out from the bare one, at most with fine hair face occupied forth. Beards at waiter-lip, chin and cheeks appear above all with the males. The powerful denture is accommodated in quite strongly projecting jaws, and the cuspids gain remarkable lengths with old men so that place in form of a tooth-gap (Diastema) must be left before the upper one and behind the low cuspid in the opposite jaw.
Nutrition The food of the apes consists of assorted vegetable and animal food, with what is more final to look at sooner than (necessary) Beikost. In this sense, they resemble some other monkeys like approximately the baboons. After all it known-became also in newer time of chimpanzees that they kill even antelopes and young baboons in community-hunt and consume with what above all the brain represents a delicacy. Otherwise the apes understand amazingly well to fit the human being for itself by reaping those of it in plantations and farms of built an extension useful plants as welcome and comfortable to attain food.
Social-lives In the homestead, the apes hold in big-family-good troops constricts social relationships upright, to what a nuance-rich expression-game makes the face equipped with rich musculature possible for them. The laughter of a chimpanzee certainly turned already each zoo-visitor into the forceful experience in its absolutely humanly working shaping.
With all the sophisticated social communication, however, no ape-type produced a language in the human sense. The ape-brain didn't train the motor language-center important for the language, the Brocasche region, in the coarse-anatomical and fine-histological construction with all the other similarity in the temple-rag. So, the human being must be content with it, itself with its cousins, the ape, over the means of the deaf-mute as well as. To inform sign-language, yes itself, to even entertain with them. Chimpanzees and gorillas revealed in most recent period of truly surprising abilities in corresponding attempt-situations.
Reproduction The reproduction of the apes resembles in most of the details of this of the human being. Like this, those are not tied at certain reproductive-times, and the men always are, the females particularly in the middle of its egg-cycle combination - and fertilization-ready. The Spermatozoen (seed-cells) of the chimpanzee resemble those of the human being until in details. Also the Tragzeit is that of the human being aligned with 8-9 months, and as was born the ape-kid with this as helpless nature, that despite its clamp - and other reflexes of the mother's intensive help during the first two years need.
Endangering Today, all apes are in its continuance endangered until on some gibbon-types unfortunately through the advancing the human being on the highest, and the attempts, it in captivity as well as. under homestead-similar conditions, to bring to the reproduction, is not enough off to get its continuance. So it lies in the very own interest of the human being itself not to damage its next relatives further and to wipe out, because the most important realizations of the primate-ology are results of necessary meaning for the true nature of the human being.
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