the bison is the next relative of the bison from North America. Bisons were earlier widespread in Eurasia's restrained zones as far as after Eastern Asia. Among other things, they vanished as consequence of the Bejagung and through the clearance of the forests there.
Shape The bison has a withers-height from up to 200 cm and a weight by 900 kg. The cows are smaller and easier than the bulls. The bison is the biggest country-mammal Europe. The withers is strikingly elevated through the extended thorn-fort-sentences of the breast-fuss. The head is lowered usually carried. it therefore appears deeply estimated. The back-line falls to the croup from. The wide skull carries wise long, upward and inward bent horns. The dense hair-dress extends and wrinkles up at the head and front-bodies. The vertex-hairs are long and are to be done the head directional forward. The tail is long hairy. The fur-color is a blunt one maroon. At the head-sides, the fur becomes darker, while more brightly reddish it on the vertex and the shoulders - or tawny is tinted. Calves are more brightly than the alto-animals colored.
The bison is narrow and high-legged in the comparison to the bison. This corresponds to its habitat, the forest. Furthermore, the bison differs in its less falling back-line and the absence of the "puffed sleeves", the Beinbehanges, that are enough with the bison up to the wrists, from the bison.
Habitat The bison lives in Laubmischwäldern preferably, of which it visits the moist areas in the summer. Furthermore, it requires waters to drinking in its habitat. If the water-places froze over in the winter, it can beat holes probably also with its hooves into the ice.
Way of life Bisons form herds from cows and young under leadership of a Leitkuh. A herd can be up to 20 animals strongly. In the winter, several herds unite to associations of 30-50 animals. The bulls isolate themselves from the herd, if it it in 4. Year of life reached.
The herds wander during the summer in its residential-area far. In the winter, the bison is less movable and holds out in a smaller Areal. In the Kaukasus, the bisons came into the deeper situations. Since they were not tolerated in this area, the Arealeinschränkung contributed to its extermination. Bisons are as well as during the day as also at night on the way. However, they develop its most severe bustle in the morning and afternoon-hours. The bison likes to take sand-baths at dry places. These places look for the animals in the lunchtime.
Into the water, bisons go without further. they can swim well. However, bisons don't wallow in the type of buffalos. they love against digging in the moist underground with the horns and tossing mud over its body.
Bisons trolls through the forest in a measured cloister. Only the young are playfully active. Bisons can gallop amazingly fast, even if only over shorter routes. The jump-fortune of the heavy animals also surprises. At the capture of bisons, it can happen that an adult animal jumps a 2 m high fence.
Bisons are restrained in its tone-remarks. One hears occasionally snorting and knörende sounds.
Enemies of the bisons were bears and wolves. In high snow, wolves can become dangerous for a become exhausted game-cow. Adult bulls avoid the human being not without further above all in the winter. Cows with calves are regarded as belligerent.
Reproduction The beef-time (combination-time) of the bisons takes place in August / September. Younger bulls then avoid the adult ones. Instead of a rival, brünftige process bull Bäume and shrubs with the horns so that they uproot some. If 2 rivals meet, one evacuates the field voluntarily mostly. Alternatively, a vehement fight occurs. A bull gathers a harem of 2-8 cows about himself.
The Tragzeit lasts 260-270 days with the bison. To the birth, the dam of the herd isolates itself. The newborn is drained by her. The mother consumes the fruit-covers. it remains approximately 3 days alone in a forest-hiding place with its calf. Then, the calf can follow it everywhere. it then joins the herd again with its offspring.
Food Bisons eat foliage, branches and buds, also bark in the winter. Where free surfaces exist, they feed also grass. Young trees become from them of "umgeritten" so that they reach at the sought-after foliage. When skinning the bark, they put in its lower jaw-edge-teeth like a chisel. they solve bark such a piece, grasp it with the mouth and throw up the head. They tear off Borke a strip on that occasion. Sought-after feed-plants are for it: Pasture, aspen, alder, linden, red-beech, hornbeam, oak, grape-cherry, decay-tree, boar-ash, Heidel, Him, and blackberry as well as heather. Needle-woods are only suppressed by them as an exception.
Continuance In prehistoric time, the bison was widespread over whole Europe with exception of the northern parts of Scandinavia and Russia. Germania was the home of the bison for the Romans. Until in the 11. Bisons lived century in England, up to the 14. Century in France. The type was in the Middle ages to be still found in wide sharing of Germany. For the 14. Century is the occurrence busy in Pomerania. in 1755, the last bison was killed by a poacher in East-Prussia.
Transylvania was one of the retreat-areas of the bison. The hunt for this cow played a big role with the local princes. However in the 18. The bison vanished century also from Transylvania; in 1790, the last is supposed to have fallen.
The kings considered this game in Poland the hunts of the aristocracy in different enclosures and parks. The bisons were wiped out however little by little, until in the 19. Century only a continuance in the jungle of Bialowieza at the Polish-Lithuanian border survived. However also this went out at the beginning of this century. Bisons only lived in Russia and in some zoos after it. By an unprecedented breeding-program, the bison-continuance could be reconstructed however little by little.
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