the boar occurs in a series of subtypes: 1. Central European boar (Sus scrofa scrofa); in England and Scandinavia exterminated, in Ireland lacking, occurring on Corsica. - 2. Sardinian boar (Sus s). meridionalis; small subtype, that lives in the island beside a bigger race. - 3. Southeast-European-Caucasian boar (Sus). s. attila; Withers-height of 110 cm, weight for 350 kg; one of the biggest races. - 4. Comb-boar (Sus s). cristatus; Fore - and rear-India; small, thinly hairy, conspicuous back-comb. - 5. Bandage-pig (Sus s). vittatus; Sunda-Inseln. White bandage from the muzzle to the cheek. - 6. Japanese boar (Sus s). leucomystax; small, white Kehlbehaarung. - 7. Chinese boar (Sus s). moupinensis; North-China; small, blackish or reddish. - 8. Manchurian boar (Sus s). ussuricus; very big race. - 9. Berber-pig (Sus s). barbarus; Algeria, Morocco. - 10. Sennar-Schwein (Sus s). sennaarensis; Sudan.
The bandage-pigs of Südostasiens are represented in numerous local forms on islands where they were crossed with house-pigs many times. The Papua-pig New Guinea belongs to these uncertain subtypes. Also the Sennar-Schwein from the Sudan is from uncertain origin. It represents an isolated occurrence. The Sardinian boar resembles the bandage-pigs anatomically. An actual relationship is proved not with it.
Shape The boar has on average a withers-height of 95 cm in Central Europe with a weight of 200 kg. It is powerfully built, with at the side compressed torso, middle-high runs and a dark bristle-fur. The bristles are strong Grannen, that can be split at the top. On the back-middle, the bristles are extended to a comb. Sub-wool occurs in seasonally changing density with the animals from cooler areas. The coloring of the "black-game" is black with more or less gray-yellow touch. The skull is long-stretched wedge-shaped. With the adult Keiler, the long cuspids, Haderer (above) and guns (below), that wear away mutually to sharp-edged arms, attract attention.
Frischlinge carry a strip-drawing or Livrée until the age of 6 months. Approximately 8 light-sallow vertical stripes, that partially dissolve in stains, proceed on dark brown reason. Boars become relatively big in marshland-ships while they remain smaller in dry areas. The smallest forms come from islands.
Habitat Boars are very adaptable. they prefer habitats, that offer water and much coverage to them. Forests, breaks, swamps, reed-belts, high mountain regions of 4000 m and tropical coasts is populated by the different subtypes. In the tropics, boars advance into the villages. Sugarcane and paddies can be its continuous residence. In Central Europe, they are to the food-search in field-cultures.
Way of life Packs of the boars include 5-10 animals, they can also be essentially more extensive, however. Adult sows (Bachen) are in a pack, unifies young from the previous year (turncoats) and Frischlinge. Sexually mature boars form own packs while older Keiler loners are.
During the day, boars visit a camp, that consists of a flat pit, that with moss, foliage etc.. it is padded. In this kettle, the members of a pack rest closely packed. Keiler visit its camp individually. In tropical countries, the camp like a roofed nest can look. Bandage-pigs create tunnel-good changes from plant-substance, that became matted almost impenetrably with living vegetation, through its activity.
Boars have the urge to wallow in mud-holes. In a black-game-precinct, several usually are to be found wallowing. Barn-places are near the mud-holes at trunks or rocks, so-called Malbäume, at which the pigs rub its mud-crusted rind.
Boars are on the way predominantly in the night. In order to comply with its needs of food, wallowing and sociability, they can cover wide ways. By the way, they hold on to its once referential residential-areas.
The movements of the boars are active. they can run ("pig-gallop") moderately fast and can penetrate through densest plant-growth on that occasion. The step-seals show besides the peel-marks also the impressions of the anus-claws. The step-surface is relatively wide, the step-by-step short. Boars can swim well. If a pack swims, this often happens in a chain, with what the animals swim densely consecutively and seek to put the head on the rear end of the Voranschwimmenden on that occasion.
Smell and hearing are the with the boar especially well developed senses. With the food-search, they find enjoyable through its good olfactory-fortune also under the Erdoberfläche (Z). B. Potatoes (truffles).
Black-game knows to fight themselves its skin. Keiler put in its sharp cuspids by distributing led hits at the side. Bachen beat with the runs and bite the opponent. An attacking Keiler storms exactly-way on the enemy to. If it misses it, it doesn't turn back. Bachen however renew its attack.
After the extermination of the wolf, the black-game hardly has enemies in Central Europe besides the human being. Through corresponding shooting down, its increase must be held in borders. In Asia, tigers, red-dog, leopard and Irbis are further enemies of the boars. But also swamp and strip-crocodile as well as the net-python carry off pigs.
From the numerous illnesses, pig-plague, anthrax and red-run are especially dangerous. At parasites, trichinas and tapeworms often are represented.
Reproduction The combination-time of the boars is called "intoxication-time" in the hunter-language. it falls in the months November until January. Rauschige boars fight together by hitting themselves its arms, the cuspids, against head and flanks sideways. they try furthermore to happen themselves mutually and to dig out the opponent. The shield at the torso-sides of the boars is a protection against the vehement hits.
If the turncoats of a pack expelled a Keiler, and the rivals kicked the ball out that it collects up to 8 Bachen about himself. The Keiler drives one brook into a chase with muzzle-pushes of its precinct. At intervals, it puts down urine. This combination-prelude is accompanied by rhythmically discharged grunt-tones. During the actual mating, the Keiler bites them brook into the neck.
The Tragzeit amounts to 115-140 days. Young Bachen carry more shortly than older. The boys are placed in March or April (hunter-language): gefrischt. To tossing, it builds brook a throw-kettle previously, that it pads amply with plant-material. This kettle can even have roofed. Particularly the bandage-pigs build extensive, well covered throw-nests. The 4-12 Frischlinge of a throw remain in the nest the first days and warm itself mutually, in that densely it beside - or crawls even one on the other. When drinking at the lying brook, a suction-order places itself soon one, in which the Frischlinge occupy the productive teats after its order.
Frischlinge Females, who lead Frischlinge with itself, are defense-ready to high extent. With other sows, they join together to bigger packs. If one dies brook, its Frischlinge are adopted by the other females. Frischlinge follow its mother if they are barely 1 weeks old. Among each other, they constantly execute fight-games, with which its speed and mobility get the validity. With 18 months, boars are sexually mature. they reach an old of more than 20 years.
Food Boars are omnivores. On the search for food, they plough through the ground. Trunks and cuspids are the suitable tools for it. Roots, truffles, grubs, mouse-nests and many others more attain it this way. However, they eat also carrion and show a special preference for before-digested grass from the stomach of ruminants. Acorns, chestnuts and nuts deliver them to mast in the autumn. In the spring, the black-game grazes the bracken unrolling itself. Weidenröschen, Giersch, acanthus and different sweet-grass are also eaten. Bandage-pigs hold themselves islands tropical at the coasts at the alluvial flotsam, with what animal cadavers play a role. Cancers, mussels and fish are its food here.
Through its Wühltätigkeit, boars prepare big damages to the field-cultures. Sugarcane, rice, other grain-fields, banana-plantations as well as yams and potato-fields are invaded by them.
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