Scientific name:
Ursus arctos

Natural spread:
Europe, Asia, North America

brown-bears is the geologically most recent bear-group with its approximately 30 subtypes. they live in the last big forests of Europe, Asia and North America today, still was native in historical time of North-Africa over whole Eurasia until North America, however. In Eurasia, the brown-bear of west to east increases in size, the same of south to north (Bergmannsche rule).

In the group of the brown-bears, we find the Big dipper and the biggest country-carnivore at all with the North American Kodiakbären (Ursus arctos middendorfi). With all the brown-bear, one finds a distinctive Geschlechtsdimorphismus with reference to the height, because the females always are considerably smaller than the males. If one looks at the numerous subtypes and local varieties, so the brown-bear is not always uniformly brown by far but varies from dun after red - until tawny and from dark-gray after light-gray and isabellfarben. Rarely, adult brown-bears keep this, V-förmige collar of the young, light.

Nutrition Like the coloring, also the diet of these omnivores is quite different in different areas. We find pure vegetarians regionally, but also bears, who live exclusively from the hunt to bigger game and pets. they develop into crafty Ansitzern and Schleichjägern on that occasion. Not only pets but also the plantations often don't remain spared from them. If opportunity presents itself, they like to plunder melons, corn, potato, turnips, and Kohlanpflanzungen. On wide hikes, they can destroy all beehives of an area with astonishing diligence. If residential-area care about a river still lived in by salmon she, they can specialize almost exclusively in the catch of this noble-fish. As a good climber, the brown-bear is able to also plunder highly in trees of lain bird-nests. The North American grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) goes extremely passionately at carrion and is all other than the feared and dangerous "killer" of the horror-histories from the pioneer-time of the USA.

Way of life Each bear is a loner the predominant time of the year, that only in the amble, and, if absolutely necessarily - in the gallop - keeps ancient changes, through its precinct roves. In the gallop, however, the otherwise so clumsy working bears can gain the speed of horses on a route of 50-100 m what mostly is enough in order to catch up with a loot-animal or, to avoid an enemy. Besides the human being, however, brown-bears don't have any natural enemies since they avoid almost all other animals, who are not possible as loot, and only extremely rarely become dangerous even for the unarmed human being.

Reproduction The brown-bears give up its loner-hood only during the mating-time. Solid heat-times seems, however, not to give it. So one determined in zoological gardens that the Bärin can be covered successfully in far until in the summer. As the combinations don't take place also with the dog-good carnivores on one single day but many times consecutively, what hinstrecken can itself over several days. So, one counted up to 31 deck-acts. Also the fluctuating Tragzeit of 6-9 months results from the not firmly paraphrased heat-time of the Bärin, ever after whether the combination took place in the spring or summers. A switched on Keinruhe (martens) takes care in every case that the boys come in the protected hiding place of the Bärin in the world during the winter-silence.

During this winter-silence-time of the mother, the boys lie in the paws of the Bärin, that it is warm, against the breast holds and clean-leaks painfully. After 30-32 days, the boys open the eyes. In the age of 3-4 months, they explore its nearest surroundings what the mother's fur always should be in freedom. With 5-6 months, the babies can leave the first time the cave, up to 2 years are still led by the elderly, however, before they are refused before the next heat with powerful smacks in the face of the mother.

Defense If a leading Bärin becomes from an enemy, a wolf for example, threatens, hunts it on the nearest tree its boys and places itself the opponent or flees however and induces the aggressor so to distract its attention from the boys. A bear defending or also attacking itself doesn't show any behaviors, that betray its nature-condition, until on a snort or Zähneklappern. However seem it to more frequently straighten up specifically in the defense as this is commonly described. A standing human being induces a bear much more easily than one crouching ones to aggressive actions, which raising lets indicate undoubtedly as aggressive behavioral-signal.

Endangering After approaches the brown-bears at the extermination in the middle of our century stood, its continuance, at least in Europe, seems to be, however, secured in any case to increase again today. In Northern Europe for example, strict precautions and the population's migration from the north came proverbially to the help at the last minute so that the brown-bear-continuance could rise again there and multiplies.

North America's brown-bears, the grizzly bears, almost only live in the north of the continent, above all in Alaska and in the Canadian Yukongebiet.