the deer forms numerous pub-forms, that are summarized in 3 subtypes or races, in its extended spread-area:
1. European deer (Capreolus capreolus capreolus). Withers-height 70 cm; Weight 25 kg.
2. Siberian deer (C). c. pygargus. Withers-height 90 cm; Weight 50 kg. Strongly dripped big antlers, with elevated end-number through fork of the rungs.
3. Chinese deer (C). c. bedfordi. Bigger than the European deer; Antlers-poles thinly, low display.
Physique Deer are easily built over behind. The runs are high and slim. The very short tail consists of 6 fuss. The fur is bay with sallow in the summer, in the winter dun with white mirror. Steps black locally, whitens and gescheckte color-hits on.
The strongly dripped antlers, from hunters incorrectly "Gehörn" named (the horn-bearers alone, family Bovidae, have a Gehörn), no Augsprosse forms. Normally, it gains 6 ends. The upper cuspids are missing mostly.
Habitat Deer prefer undergrowth-rich forests, forest-edges, field-groves, grove-rich meadows, fields, parks and city-forests (Kulturfolger). In the mountains, they advance as far as at the timberline.
Way of life The deer forms small herds, so-called jumps, that usually consist of a family-association. Adult males isolate themselves outside the heat-time. In the winter, deer unite to herds of up to 50 animals.
Deer are predominantly up and about in the morning and twilight; however, they are active also to other times.
Deer are moderately in Central Europe place-scatters and changes its stay only in dependence on food-offer, weather and concern. In Asia, deer hike between forest and open terrain, in accordance with which caused glaring temperature-contrasts of the individual landscapes through continental climate. In the summer, the deer climb into the mountains; in the winter, they avoid the level in the forests.
The deer is deft and persevering on the runs. It jumps, climbs and swims well. If it is rushed, it makes high jumps for obstacles away or also only "from sport" if no obstacle lies in the way. These high "escapes" enable the fleeing animal to keep an eye on the persecutor.
A scared deer-buck gives barking lutes of itself, that sound like "gust-gust-gust." Female deer, that named Ricken (in the south of the German language-area also "goats"), have a fiepend of sounding voice. Also the young fiepen. In big fear, deer can scream intent.
Deer hear and smell very well. The Riechschleimhaut extends over branched nose-mussels, it for example 50-once is the human being bigger than this.
The deer has many enemies, like wolf, bear, lynx, wildcat, fox and eagles. In the culture-landscape, people and dogs step at their place. As parasites, pharynx-brakes, Dasselfliegen, lungs and tapeworms as well as liver flukes play a role.
Reproduction The Brunft (in the hunter-language): Leaf-time, end of July finds the Central European deer and in August instead of. The bucks mark its precinct through scent-brands and through sweeping of bushes with the antlers. Rivals are expelled in vehement fights from the precinct. The Ricke is rushed by the buck. "Witch-rings", that are, are created on that occasion circles - or 8-shaped "racetracks", on which the chase goes on. The initiative for the prosecution originates from the female. it lures the buck through its Fiepen. it pursues the Ricke in a manner that it can break out from the witch-ring not without further. If the female stops, the male jumps up. The prosecution is continued several times afterwards.
The fertilized ovum hikes into the uterus without taking root there. Only after approximately 5 months, the seedling stopped in its development settles in the uterus-wall. Such a seedling-silence, that leads to an extension of the Tragzeit, also gets hold of unites martens and bears before. Ricken become in November of brünstig (after-heat) as an exception. The embryonic-development then takes place without seedling-silence, and the kids become normal, therefore placed in May or June. Usually, the pregnancy of the deer lasts 9-10 months. 2 become mostly, placed up to 4 kids in a throw as an exception.
Fawns are Ablieger. The Ricke warns its boys through stamping with the front-runs and a chirping reputation for a danger. After less than one week, its mother's kid follows. The young calls the mother with a Fiepen.
Cast-off kids are not abandoned! Whoever touches such an animal can influence its smell so that it treats the mother no more than its own young. The same is applicable to other stag-types.
Youth-development Kitzböckchen form its first antlers, one pair of "button-skewer", in the age of 4-5 months. This Erstlingsgeweih doesn't have yet any roses. In the age of 9-10 months, the button-skewers are thrown off in February / March. The second antlers is thrown off in the autumn, as well all following one. The white Fleckung of the kid vanishes with the first hair-change in the autumn.
With an injury of the testicles through shot-shot or such during the antlers-growth the formation of a wig-antlers occurs. That is an abnormal growth-form, that manifests itself in diseased proliferations. The wig-antlers is not changed. Old Ricken have a tiny antlers occasionally.
Food Deer are very choosy and variable in its claims. Foliage and softwood-rungs, herbs, grass, fruits and acorns belong to the natural Äsung. Grains, raps, clover and vegetables come to it in the culture-country. The deer avoid dewy grass. they like to go at salt-lick.
Meaning for the human being In the culture-landscape, where they often become weakly bejagt, the deer multiplied strongly. However, the antlerses gain only a low weight with severe settling-density.
Deer are a popular hunt-game, who is usually killed from the high-seat. Through "Blatten" ahmt of the hunters in the Brunftzeit the reputation of the Ricke after and lures the buck with it before the can. The hunt has u. a. to the goal, to get the game-continuance healthy through the shooting down of concerning pieces. The hunter takes over the role of the usually exterminated, big robbery-game with it. Deer are tricky charges in captivity because of its high feed-claims. Bucks come up with the bottle always become dangerously the sexually mature with achievement.
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