the ibex (Capra ibex) is narrow relative with the Bezoarziege and the screw-goat, that also belong both to the type Capra. Developed in accordance with its wide spread-area, that has over the Alps, that inner-Asian high mountain regions hand as far as after Near east and North-Africa, itself numerous subtypes of the ibex. All draw through big, in one, circular bow of far to the back swung horns from. A Kehlbart is usually existing. Following subtypes let themselves distinguish:
1. Alps-ibex (Capra ibex ibex). The horns are middle-long; on the back, no clear eel-line proceeds. The beard is shortly and only clear in the winter.
2. Nubischer ibex (C). i. nubiana. it comes Egypt in Palestine, Arabia, and in the Sudan before. The race is gracefully built; the long horns has be a relatively narrow front-edge and the legs drawn sincerely black-and-white.
3. Siberian ibex (C). i. sibirica. it lives in the inner-Asian high mountain regions. The horns are long, its tops point outside. The back has a black eel-line; the chin-beard is long.
4. Ethiopian or Waliasteinbock (C). i. walie. This race lives in the Semiengebirge. The wise long horns form approximately one half arc. a bone bulge is on the forehead; the beard is wise long.
5. Westkaukasischer ibex or Kuban-Tur (C). c. servertzovi. The horns form a wide V; its tops point inside.
6. Ostkaukasischer ibex or Dagestan-Tur (C). c. cylindricornis. The horns form a blunt corner together. The forefront is rounded, without clear Querwülste. The horns are bent to the back and spirally once winding.
Spanish ibex (Capra pyrenaica)) On the high mountain regions of the Iberian peninsula, several pub-races of this autonomous type live. they are dun with black eel-line, black breast, shoulders and limbs. The black Kehlbart is short in the summer, in the winter long. The horns grow as wide spiral with a meander upward. The horn-cross-section is triangular.
Physique The withers-height of the ibexes amounts broadly from 75 cm (C). pyrenaica, until 110 cm (C). i. sibirica; its weight reaches 50-140 kg. The females are considerably smaller. Ibexes have a penetrated, powerful torso, middle-long legs and a short tail. The fur-color is gray, chestnuts, or bay. Some bucks can gray-know in the age becomes. The stomach is whitish colored. Summer and winter-fur is differently densely, long and fleecy. The biggest differences show the Gehörne of the males within the ibexes while the females find themselves quite similarly until on size-differences. The horns usually are triangular or pear-shaped in the cross-section. The females have much smaller horns, that also the Wülste lack at the forefront. The claws are well trained; Additional-claws vanish in the fur. The hard claw-edge withstands the high demand on stony underground.
Habitat Ibexes are Klettertiere and therefore live at steep rock-hillsides above the timberline. The Nubische ibex is in stone-deserts and desert-canyons. At the Dead sea, it lives in heights until 400 m below the Mediterranean-mirror. Ture live largely in the mountain-forest-region.
The Waliasteinbock is to be found in tree-heath-hedges, on grass-y hillsides and in the zone of old man-herbs (Senecio) and Riesenlobelien (Lobelia).
The Alps-ibex usually is above the timberline. it avoids the valleys and prefers the hillsides: In the winter, South-hillsides almost always offer open places, of which an ibex finds Äsung. In the spring, the stone-game looks for deeper situations because finding already the first sprouting green there is. All ibexes, with exception of the Nubischen, must have waters amply to the disposal.
Way of life The stone-game is sociably alive. The herds consist of females and their kids, others from bucks. The members of a herd know each other and exclude foreign animals. Nevertheless, the herds frequently shift in its composition. To some times, several troops to a bigger herd unite. Ibexes are predominantly day-active. In the run one day more frequently changes it the location. they retreat with concern at steep hillsides. Since ibexes rarely cross deeper valleys, they are within a mountain-massif location-loyal.
The senses like hearing, seeing, and the weather is well trained with ibexes. With danger, they flee usually hillside-upward. After an escape-route, they stop and look for the danger-source; then, they continue the escape. its enemies are bear, lynx, wolf, fox, leopard, Irbis and stone-eagles, according to spread-area. Eagles become only for the kids dangerous of course.
The voice of the ibex is a lengthened whistle of the male with danger. Females and kids nag, kids bleat if they feel leave.
Reproduction The Alps-ibex is combined in December and Januaries. The bucks then come together with the herds and have fights among each other. Ibexes fight by arising on its hind legs, hold the head crooked and then clash crashing with the horns. This raising on the hind legs serves also impressing. If two bucks fight together, they try to attain an advantage through it that they attack as the opponent from a higher place from. At hillsides, they have opportunity amply for it. In the further fight hakeln the rivals with the horns or pushes forehead against forehead.
In the combination-ceremonial, the buck approaches on a goat, extends the head far and puts back the horns through it. it opens the mouth on that occasion, extends the tongue and generates a fluttering sound with it. The tail high-banged on that occasion.
After 150-180 days of Tragzeit, the goat places a kid. As an exception, it is twins. The boys can immediately follow the mother. With danger, however, they shirk in rock-splits and such. The young join together within a herd to a type "Kindergarten." These kid-herds talk through active jumps and fight-games. With 2-3 years, ibexes are sexually mature.
Food Ibexes äsen grass, herbs, foliage and buds, softwood-instincts and lichens. Salt-lick is looked for by the stone-game especially gladly.
Nature conservation Several subtypes of the ibex are threatened by the extermination, the type is regarded endangered as potential in Germany. Even if the continuances under bad weather and epidemic-is liable illnesses like the mange occasionally considerably suffers, the strong decline however primarily is at too intensive shooting down as well as. To lead back Wilderei. A considerable role played the superstition, that attributed miraculous salvation-effects to the different body-parts of the ibex, on that occasion. Bezoare, ossified sinews from the heart-muscle, and the horns played a role on that occasion. Downright "ibex-pharmacies" expelled this people-medicine.
In Switzerland, the last ibex turned into beginning of the 19 in the Wallis. Century wiped out. In Austria, the type vanished in the year 1706.
In Piemont (Italy), a continuance lasted in the upper Aosta-Tal between the Montblanc and the Monte pink. There, the animals were protected. in 1854, this area became private property of the Italian King Viktor Emanuel II. The king let this hunt-precinct guarded strictly. Despite some relapses, the continuance developed well. The royal hunt-park turned into the Gran-Paradiso-Nationalpark. All ibexes, that were settled in reestablished protectorates, come from the Gran-Paradiso-Park.
The re-naturalization of the stone-game in the Alps-area proceeded extraordinarily successfully. Today, there are ibexes again in almost all regions of the Alps. The total-continuance is estimated at over 20 000 animals.
The Spanish ibex vanished from many mountain ranges, Z. B. from the Pyrenees. The biggest continuance lasts in the sierra de Gredos.
The Nubische ibex also vanished from most of the parts of its spread-area. In Israel, this race lasted in some protectorates.
The Waliasteinbock only shall with fewer than 500 copies occurs in Ethiopia and belongs to the most-endangered ungulates with it world-wide.
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