Scientific name:
Parus montanus

Natural spread:
Europe, Eastern Asia

in Europe and Eastern Asia forms the pasture-titmouse and the swamp-titmouse (Parus palustris), both types are summarized also as gray-titmice, a classic example for one pair twin-types. they occur in the same spread-area, (arctic, boreale and restrained zone) usually differs in the election of the biotope, however. So, the pasture-titmouse lives in foliage, mix, and needle-forests and shows a preference for moister areas, while the swamp-titmouse restricts herself to the foliage-forests and is missing completely in the northern jaw-forests. The pasture-titmouse advances also in higher mountain-situations ("Alps-titmouse"). Probably, a zwischenartliche competition is not to be excluded in the biotopes overlapping itself. With some practice, the types very similar in the plumage-coloring are to be distinguished also at the voice.

Characteristics Beside many small insects, that the pasture-titmouse in the writes grew over of the Waldbodens seeks, also seeds and nuts are picked up. Particularly in the north, the birds are known as a reserve-collector. Seeds become here and carried off insects hidden under the bark or between mosses and lichens. Only the most northern brood-populations move in the colder season southwards, the others behave as stand-birds.

Brood Different than the relatives types, the females make its Nisthöhlen themselves; on this occasion, they are dependent at the occurrence of soft-woods. As well perished trees or stubs are used that only occasionally they cover natural tree-caves or abandoned woodpecker-constructions. The lining of the cave takes place occasionally quite briefly.

The brood-period begins already middle of April in the south, in the north first beginning of June. While the female incubates the 7-8 eggs, it is fed by the male. The boys slip after 17-19 days and of are taken care by both alto-birds.

Only on the occasion of is larger nest-numbers to observe (up to 13 eggs). In every case, only one yearly-brood is reared. The mass-migrations known with other titmouse-types are canceled with it because of the Ãœbervermehrung.