in its extended spread-area around the North-pole forms numerous races the reindeer. The bigger subtypes, as the North American caribou, live in forests occasionally while the tundra-reindeers remain smaller. The pointed-mountain-reindeer is the smallest race with 68 cm of withers-height. The Barren-Ground-Karibu goes on the American continent at the the farthest northward.
Physique The North European reindeer reaches a withers-height of 110 cm and a weight of 150 kg. Waldrene can become doubly so heavy. Both sexes carry an antlers. The short rosebush carries a small rose.
The very dense fur is extended at the neck to a mane. The summer-fur is short and dark. The claws are to be spread far. Also the anus-claws touch the ground. The wide step-surface impedes sinking in in soft underground. The claw-soles recede in the winter. The Tragrand of the claws, more strongly stepping forward through it, then provides more solid liability in ice and snow. When running of the reindeers, it is created one through the sinew-movement evoked, crackling sound.
Habitat Tundras and the northern parts of the Taiga (needle-forests) are the habitat the forest - as well as. Tundra-reindeers. In the Ural, it becomes with the 52. Degree of latitude the South-border of the present-day occurrence reaches.
Way of life Tundrarene are content with short hikes, while the Waldrene Siberia and the caribous from North America, causes seasonally, several hundred kilometers hike. In the winter, they are in the forest-zone while they move into the tundra in the summer in order to take advantage of the vegetation-time to the grasslands. If the gnat-nuisance becomes too bad, the Rene go into the mountains more highly up. The migrant herds include several thousand animals. Otherwise, the herds contain up to 20 pieces. Adult stags often are loners. Reindeers overcome as a good swimmer Flüsse and even inlets.
its enemies are wolves, foxes, lynxes and wolverines. Have furthermore to suffer Rene from parasites. Dasselfliegenlarven sit in its back-skin and make holes through its activity into the blanket of the reindeers.
Reproduction Brunftige reindeer-stags give orgelnd-grunzende reputations of itself, with what they inflate a fist-big Kehlsack to the tone-reinforcement, for the autumn. The males fight together. A stag gathers approximately 12 reindeer-cows, whom it drives with endurance, about itself. The calves are placed after a Tragzeit by 200-240 days. The throw-size amounts 1 or 2, as an exception 4 calves. The boys are dry-licked. they suck already few minutes after the birth, often still in lying. The mother expels Artgenossen from the proximity of its calf. With one year, reindeers are reproductive-capable.
Food Reindeers äsen lichens (the "reindeer-lichens" Cetraria and Cladonia), foliage and bark of dwarf-birches and Kriechweiden as well as grass. Also poison-plants like glacier-rooster-foot are picked up. In the snow, Rene scratch food freely with its wide front-hooves.
Meaning for the human being In the ice age-like "reindeer-hunter-culture", the reindeer played a big role as hunt-loot and art-object. Since the 9. Century is the reindeer as pet of the rags busy. Sundries trunks Nordsibiriens also domesticated the reindeer.
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