eagles in the narrower sense lives in all continents in 9 types with exception of South America. they already are summarized in a type with it in the old Rome for "eagles" of used names Aquila. All other big, the eagles i. e. S. similar gripping-birds, like for example the sea-eagles or ospreys, form the subfamily of the Bussardartigen as well as. the family of the Habichtartigen.
The types of the type Aquila draw all through its strong beak, that befiederten runs and its very strongly developed claws far until at the toes from. As good and persevering planes, eagles can overcome wide routes without big own effort in the sail-flight. With its far spread, long Handschwingen, they are to be decided well in the flight. At the hunt for its loot-animals, usually smaller until moderate-sized mammals, but also birds and other smaller vertebrates, eagles develop an astonishing skillfulness. So they seize birds from the flight occasionally by warping on the back and the loot-animals from below packing. All types partially also live from carrion.
Stone-eagles The most known eagle probably is the stone-eagle (Aquila chrysaëtos). With a total-length of 79-95 cm, a span of 220 cm and it is a weight of 5 kg at all beside the sea-eagles one of the biggest gripping-birds. The females become bigger than the males and can still surpass the stated dimensionses. Once in whole Europe, Asia until Japan, North-Africa and North America at home, it is out in many places wiped through ongoing adjustments of the human being today. As one saw only the competitor for many other "robbery-birds" on the hunt in it and an enemy of the pets, with what nobody was concerned about the value of the big gripping-birds with the selection of sick and weak animals.
Spread In Germany, the stone-eagle was given a home also in the levels once as far as after Northern Germany and brooded in forest-areas. Already in the 17. and 18. it was pursued century strongly; the last animals became there against end of the 19. Century destroyed. 200 eagles died between 1875 and 1925 in the Allgäu alone. Today, the stone-eagle is on the red list of the types of animal threatened by the extinction. its occurrence is limited in unapproachable areas in the Bavarian Alps. Not better, it went in other countries of Europe for the stone-eagles: In Austria, it died between 1959 and 1965 at least 100 eagles although they are protected through a law. With only 50-60 brood-pairs, authorizations were nevertheless given to the shooting down. In Great Britain, the stone-eagle - once widespread brood-bird - vanished until on few pair in the Scottish highlands. The biggest continuance preserved itself in Switzerland, but despite legal protection, eagles still are poisoned, shot as well as. Broods destroyed. The same is applicable to North America's stone or gold-eagles.
"Gold-eagles" are called the populations of Northern Europe and Siberia as well as North America since they have a lighter plumage than the southern subtypes.
Nest-construction In the Alps-area, the stone-eagle erects its eyries on unapproachable rock-ledges, while it otherwise also the outskirts of bigger woodlands as well as wide quilts - and squander-good landscapes of Asia and North-Africa lives in. One brood-pair positions several eyries, that it uses several years consecutively alternate for the brood, in its precinct. Every time, the construction with further situations is supplemented Nistmaterial anew. The base consists of heavy sticks that then, thinner branches and branches follow, on which a Nistmulde is shaped with hair, grass and other fine material. Old eyries can gain a diameter up to 2 m and a height of 1 m, sometimes, the branches of the Nistbaumes break under its weight
Brood In North-Africa, the female begins with the brood already in January and February, in the northern spread-area only in May until June. In a distance of 3-4 days, it puts 2 eggs, more rarely 1 or 3. The Bebrütung takes place from the first egg at, usually only the female broods. After 43-45 days, the boys slip, its Dunenkleid is furry knows. The female atzt the squabs as well from the male of along-managed loot, until they can eat independently after approximately 50 days. Now, they also are befiedert fully and undertake first flight-attempts on the eyrie. But only with 63-70 days, they become fully-fledged, and after 3 further weeks, they can fly moderately well. As comes highly usually only the older kid with many eagles.
Combination, hunt With 4-6 years, stone-eagles meet to pairs and brood only in the 6. Year. they probably stay together long its life and can develop an astonishing work-division at the hunt, with what Z. B. the one partner the game disturbs, so that the other, that "invisibly" entlanggleitet at the rock-hillside, it can beat.
Stone-eagles hunt marmots, other Nager and hares mainly. Particularly during the Aufzucht of its boys, they take also foxes, martens, birds and occasionally young of Gams and deer. Bigger loot-animals like adult chamois, deer or reindeers can only carry it off if these are weakened strongly.
Further eagle-types The other 8 types of the type Aquila have similar habits like the stone-eagle, in some areas, up to 4 types live side by side.
The emperor-eagle (Aquila heliaca), coat of arms-animal of the doubles-monarchy of Austria and Hungary, prefers the tree-existed levels and mountain-foothills. it often erects its massive eyries strikingly on individually standing trees. With a span by 2 m and it remains a weight of 3-3,5 kg smaller than the stone-eagle.
Emperor-eagles live as far as to the Mongolia in the Mediterranean-area, on the Balkans and in Asia. In particular, they hunt rabbits and smaller Nager like hamsters and gophers.
The steppe-eagle (Aquila rapax) lives in the bush-existed levels, steppes and semi-deserts from the Ukraine until southeast-Siberia and Burma, still the north and southwest of Africa (robbery-eagles). it becomes approximately equally big like the emperor-eagle and also lives in the most important thing of smaller rodents, but also from perished big game and occasionally from insects. The steppe-eagle builds its relatively small and flat eyries, annually again often, on elevated locations, usually rock-islands and individual trees, more rarely on stony ground or bushes.
Africa is the home of the mainly black colored Kaffernadlers (Aquila verreauxi). In the size, it hardly takes second place to the stone-eagle, also it is an excellent hunter and carries off gladly smaller antelopes. Where no more this frequent is, it sticks to young pets, carries off also the defense-ready baboons, however. Wildfowl and house-poultry, Nager and Klippschliefer supplement its menu. In the mountain-regions Oberägyptens, Ethiopia and whole of west-Africa southwards as far as to the cape of the good hope builds its eyries in rock-niches, with what also this eagle remains its once chosen Nistplätzen loyal over several years, it.
The smaller silver-eagle (Aquila wahlbergi) also lives in Africa, south from the Sahara with exception of the cape-region. its almost white color-phase, that has some brown surfaces only at the body-upper side, gave it the name while from-colored the plumage of the more frequent variation dark brown is. Both forms train a small feather-bonnet at the head-back. The silver-eagle positions its nest in the branch-forks of densely leafy trees; the nest consists of only one egg. it lives in tree-existed regions and lives on insects, reptiles and small-mammals.
The scream-eagle (Aquila pomarina) lives in woodlands and looks for amphibians and mice on meadows and swamps, more rarely, it catches insects and birds. In Germany, some brood-pairs only live in the eastern provinces today, with main focuses in Brandenburg and in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.
The scream-eagle very similar is the Schelladler (Aquila clanga). it lives in however even water-richer areas and likes to beat water-poultry and also fish. Both types execute conspicuous Balzflüge about equally again vertically, with which they fall steeply downward, upwards-befalls.
Insulate from the other types lives in Australia of the wedge-tail-eagles (Aquila audax). This beautiful griffin of the size of a stone-eagle is threatened through the mass exterminations on the part of the human being (sheep-breeders) of the total annihilation. it lives however mainly on carrion and "replaces" the vultures in Australia.
The Urwälder of the northern Molukken, New Guinea and more neighboring isle are the home of the Molukken or Gurney-Adlers (Aquila gurneyi).
Scientific name: